\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Do đó:

\(VT=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

\(VT=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}< 1\) (đpcm)

Lời giải:
Xét số hạng tổng quát:
\(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n})}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}<\frac{(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}).2\sqrt{n+1}}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}\)

Hay \(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}< \frac{2\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Áp dụng vào bài toán:

\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}< \frac{2}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}< 2\)

Ta có đpcm.

Câu 1:

\(\sqrt{x-a}+\sqrt{y-b}+\sqrt{z-c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x-a}+2\sqrt{y-b}+2\sqrt{z-c}=x+y+z\\ \Leftrightarrow x+y+z-2\sqrt{x-a}-2\sqrt{y-b}-2\sqrt{z-c}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x+y+z-2\sqrt{x-a}-2\sqrt{y-b}-2\sqrt{z-c}+3-a-b-c=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[\left(x-a\right)-2\sqrt{x-a}+1\right]+\left[\left(y-b\right)-2\sqrt{y-b}+1\right]+\left[\left(z-c\right)-2\sqrt{z-c}+1\right]=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-a}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y-b}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z-c}-1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-a}-1=0\\\sqrt{y-b}-1=0\\\sqrt{z-c}-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-a}=1\\\sqrt{y-b}=1\\\sqrt{z-c}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-a=1\\y-b=1\\z-c=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=a+1\\y=b+1\\z=c+1\end{matrix}\right.\)Vậy \(\left\{x;y;z\right\}=\left\{a+1;b+1;c+1\right\}\)

Câu 2:

\(\text{ a) Ta có }:\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}< \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)}{n-n+1}=2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\left(1\right)\)

\(\text{Lại có: }\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}>\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{n+1-n}=2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\Rightarrow2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-n\right)< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\)

b) Áp dụng bất đảng thức ở câu a:

\(\Rightarrow S=1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\\ >2\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{100}\right)+...+\left(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}\right)+\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)+\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)\\ =2\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{100}+...+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)\\ =2\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{1}\right)>2\left(\sqrt{100}-1\right)=2\left(10-1\right)=18\left(3\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow S=1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}< 2\left(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}\right)+...+\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)+\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)+\left(\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{0}\right)\\ =2\left(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}+...+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{1}\right)\\ =2\cdot\sqrt{100}=2\cdot10=20\left(4\right)\)

Từ \(\left(3\right)\) và \(\left(4\right)\Rightarrow18< S< 20\)

đề đúng ko??

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{k}}{k\left(k+1\right)}=\sqrt{k}\left(\dfrac{1}{k}-\dfrac{1}{k+1}\right)\)

\(=\sqrt{k}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\)

\(=\left(1+\dfrac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)< 2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\)

\(A=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}\)

\(\Rightarrow A< 2\left[\left(1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\right]\)

\(\Rightarrow A< 2\left(1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< 2\)

Vậy \(A< 2\) (dpcm)

T đang bận tý , lát giải cho nhé.

link : https://vn.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100730192937AASB4Ma&guccounter=1

1. Câu hỏi của Trần Huỳnh Thanh Long - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath

Bạn xem lời giải tại đây:

Câu hỏi của Lệ Nguyễn Thị Mỹ - Toán lớp 9 | Học trực tuyến

Lời giải:

Với 2 số $a,b$ dương, ta luôn có BĐT quen thuộc sau:

\(a^3+b^3\geq ab(a+b)\)

Cách chứng minh rất đơn giản, biến đổi tương đương ta có:

\(a^3+b^3-ab(a+b)\geq 0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2(a-b)-b^2(a-b)\geq 0\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2(a+b)\geq 0\) (luôn đúng với mọi $a,b>0$)

---------------------------------------

Áp dụng vào bài toán:

\((n+1)\sqrt{n+1}+n\sqrt{n}=(\sqrt{n})^3+(\sqrt{n+1})^3\geq \sqrt{n(n+1)}(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1})\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n+1}+n\sqrt{n}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1})}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n})}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Do đó:

\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}+1}< 1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)

\(\frac{1}{3\sqrt{3}+2\sqrt{2}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

......

\(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n+1}+n\sqrt{n}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Cộng theo vế:

\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}< 1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Ta có đpcm.